Published Research - The Truth About TM

Research Publications on

Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program

Bibliography 1970–2009

Compiled by Dr Roger Chalmers, MRCP(UK) MRCGP DRCOG

This bibliography lists 341 original studies and reviews of research published in independent peer-reviewed journals or other edited scientific publications. A small number of these publications examine a comprehensive multimodal approach to health that includes Transcendental Meditation.

Abrams AI, Siegel LM. The Transcendental Meditation program and rehabilitation at Folsom State Prison: a cross-validation study. Criminal Justice and Behavior 1978 5(1):3-20

Abrams AI. Transcendental Meditation and rehabilitation at Folsom Prison: response to a critique. Criminal Justice and Behavior 1979 6(1):13-21

Agarwal BL, Kharbanda A. Effect of transcendental meditation on mild and moderate hypertension. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 1981 29:591-596

Alexander CN. Transcendental Meditation. In RJ Corsini (ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychology (pp.5465-5466). New York: Wiley Interscience, 1994

Alexander CN, Cranson RW, Boyer RW, Orme-Johnson DW. Transcendental Consciousness: a fourth state of consciousness beyond sleep, dreaming, and waking. In J Gackenbach (ed.), Sleep and Dreams: A Sourcebook (pp.282-312). New York: Garland Publishing, 1986

Alexander CN, Davies JL, Dixon CA, Dillbeck MC, Oetzel RM, Drucker SM et al. Growth of higher stages of consciousness: Maharishi’s Vedic psychology of human development. In CN Alexander, EJ Langer (eds), Higher Stages of Human Development: Perspectives on Adult Growth (pp.286-341). New York: Oxford University Press, 1990

Alexander CN, Drucker SM, Langer EJ. Major issues in the exploration of adult growth. In CN Alexander, EJ Langer (eds), Higher Stages of Human Development: Perspectives on Adult Growth (pp.3-32). New York: Oxford University Press, 1990

Alexander CN, Heaton DP, Chandler HM. Promoting adult psychological development: implications for management education. Human Resource Management 1990 2:133-137

Alexander CN, Heaton DP, Chandler HM. Advanced human development in the Vedic Psychology of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: theory and research. In ME Miller, SR Cook-Greuter (eds), Transcendence and Mature Thought in Adulthood: The Further Reaches of Adult Development (pp.39-70). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 1994

Alexander CN, Kurth SC, Travis F, Alexander VK. Effect of practice of the children’s Transcendental Meditation technique on cognitive stage development: acquisition and consolidation of conservation. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):21-46

Alexander CN, Langer EJ (eds). Higher Stages of Human Development: Perspectives on Adult Growth. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990

Alexander CN, Langer EJ, Newman RI, Chandler HM, Davies JL. Transcendental Meditation, mindfulness, and longevity: an experimental study with the elderly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1989 57(6):950-964

Alexander CN, Orme-Johnson DW. Walpole study of the Transcendental Meditation program in maximum security prisoners II: longitudinal study of development and psychopathology. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):127-160

Alexander CN, Rainforth MV, Frank PR, Grant JD, Von Stade C. Walpole study of the Transcendental Meditation program in maximum security prisoners III: reduced recidivism. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):161-180

Alexander CN, Rainforth MV, Gelderloos P. Transcendental Meditation, self-actualization, and psychological health: a conceptual overview and statistical meta-analysis. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 1991 6(5):189-247

Alexander CN, Robinson P, Orme-Johnson DW, Schneider RH, Walton KG. The effects of Transcendental Meditation compared to other methods of relaxation in reducing risk factors, morbidity, and mortality. Homeostasis 1994 352:243-264

Alexander CN, Robinson P, Rainforth MV. Treating and preventing alcohol, nicotine, and drug abuse through Transcendental Meditation: a review and statistical meta-analysis. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1994 11(1/2):13-87

Alexander CN, Sands D. Meditation and relaxation. In FN McGill (ed.), McGill’s Survey of the Social Sciences: Psychology (pp.1499-1505). Pasadena, California: Salem Press, 1993

Alexander CN, Schneider RH, Staggers F, Sheppard W, Clayborne BM, Rainforth MV. Trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans: II. Sex and risk subgroup analysis. Hypertension 1996 28(2):228-237

Alexander CN, Swanson GC, Rainforth MV, Carlisle TW, Todd CC, Oates RM. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on stress reduction, health, and employee development: a prospective study in two occupational settings. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping 1993 6:245-262

Alexander CN, Walton KG, Goodman R. Walpole study of the Transcendental Meditation program in maximum security prisoners I: cross-sectional differences in development and psychopathology. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):97-126

Alexander CN, Walton KG, Orme-Johnson DW, Goodman RS, Pallone NJ (eds). Transcendental Meditation in Criminal Rehabilitation and Crime Prevention. Binghamton, New York: Haworth Press, 2003

Allison J. Respiratory changes during Transcendental Meditation. Lancet 1970 7651:833

Anderson JW, Liu C, Kryscio RJ. Blood pressure response to Transcendental Meditation: a meta-analysis. American Journal of Hypertension 2008 21(3):310-316

Anklesaria FK, King MS. The Enlightened Sentencing Project: a judicial innovation. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):35-46

Anklesaria FK, King MS. The Transcendental Meditation program in the Senegalese penitentiary system. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):303-318

Appelle S, Oswald LE. Simple reaction time as a function of alertness and prior mental activity. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1974 38(3):1263-1268

Arenander A, Travis FT. Brain patterns of Self-awareness. In B Beitman, J Nair (eds), Self-Awareness Deficits. New York: WW Norton, 2004

Aron A, Aron EN. The Transcendental Meditation program's effect on addictive behavior. Addictive Behaviors 1980 5(1):3-12

Aron A, Aron EN. The pattern of reduction of drug and alcohol use among Transcendental Meditation participants. Bulletin of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors 1983 2(1):28-33

Aron A, Orme-Johnson D, Brubaker P. The Transcendental Meditation program in the college curriculum: a four-year longitudinal study of effects on cognitive and affective functioning. College Student Journal 1981 15(2):140-146

Aron EN, Aron A. Transcendental Meditation and marital adjustment. Psychological Reports 1982 51(7):887-890

Assimakis PD, Dillbeck MC. Time series analysis of improved quality of life in Canada: social change, collective consciousness, and the TM-Sidhi program. Psychological Reports 1995 76(3):1171-1193

Badawi K, Wallace RK, Orme-Johnson D, Rouzeré A-M. Electrophysiologic characteristics of respiratory suspension periods occurring during the practice of the Transcendental Meditation program. Psychosomatic Medicine 1984 46(3):267-276

Banquet JP. Spectral analysis of the EEG in meditation. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1973 35(2):143-151

Banquet JP, Lesèvre N. Event-related potentials in altered states of consciousness. Progress in Brain Research 1980 54:447-453

Banquet JP, Sailhan M. Analyse E.E.G. d’états de conscience induits et spontanés. Revue d’Electroencéphalographie et de Neurophysiologie Clinique 1974 4(3):445-453

Barnes VA, Bauza LB, Treiber FA. Impact of stress reduction on negative school behavior in adolescents. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2003 1(1):10

Barnes VA, Orme-Johnson DW. Clinical and pre-clinical applications of the Transcendental Meditation program in the prevention and treatment of essential hypertension and cardiovascular disease in youth and adults. Current Hypertension Reviews 2006 2(3):207-218

Barnes VA, Orme-Johnson DW. El impacto de la reduccion del estres en el hypertension esencial y las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Revista Internacional De Ciencias Del Deporte (International Journal of Sports Science) 2008 4(12):1-30

Barnes VA, Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Rainforth M, Staggers F, Salerno, J. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on mortality in older African Americans with hypertension—eight-year follow-up. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):201-216

Barnes VA, Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Staggers F. Stress, stress reduction, and hypertension in African Americans. Journal of the National Medical Association 1997 89(7):464-476

Barnes VA, Treiber FA, Davis H. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on cardiovascular function at rest and during acute stress in adolescents with high normal blood pressure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2001 51(4):597-605

Barnes VA, Treiber FA, Johnson MH. Impact of stress reduction on ambulatory blood pressure in African American adolescents. American Journal of Hypertension 2004 17(4):366-369

Barnes VA, Treiber FA, Turner JR, Davis H, Strong WB. Acute effects of Transcendental Meditation on hemodynamic functioning in middle-aged adults. Psychosomatic Medicine 1999 61(4):525-531

Bennett JE, Trinder J. Hemispheric laterality and cognitive style associated with Transcendental Meditation. Psychophysiology 1977 14(3):293-296

Berg WP, Mulder B. Psychological research on the effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on a number of personality variables. Gedrag: Tijdschrift voor Psychologie (Behaviour: Journal of Psychology) 1976 4:206-218

Bleick CR. Case histories: using the Transcendental Meditation program with alcoholics and addicts. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1994 11(3/4):243-269

Bleick CR, Abrams AI. The Transcendental Meditation program and criminal recidivism in California. Journal of Criminal Justice 1987 15(3):211-230

Blicher B, Blondeau F, Choquette C, Deans A, Drouin P, Glaser J, Thibaudeau P. Méditation Transcendantale: revue de la littérature scientifique. Le Médecin du Québec 1980 15(8):46-66

Brooks JS, Scarano T. Transcendental Meditation in the treatment of post-Vietnam adjustment. Journal of Counseling and Development 1985 64:212-215

Broome JR, Orme-Johnson D, Schmidt-Wilk J. Worksite stress reduction through the Transcendental Meditation program. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):235-276

Brown CL. Overcoming barriers to use of promising research among elite Middle East policy groups. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):489-546

Bujatti M, Riederer P. Serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine metabolites in Transcendental Meditation. Journal of Neural Transmission 1976 39(3):257-267

Calderon R, Schneider R, Alexander CN, Myers H, Nidich S, Haney C. Stress, stress reduction and hypercholesterolemia in African Americans and whites: a review. Ethnicity and Disease 1999 9:451-462

Camelia CR, Hawkins, MA. The use of meditation with at-risk youth in the Netherlands Antilles. Caribbean Journal of Criminology and Social Psychology 2005 10(1/2):102-140

Candelent T, Candelent G. Teaching Transcendental Meditation in a psychiatric setting. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1975 26(3):156-159

Castillo-Richmond A, Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Cook R, Myers H, Nidich S et al. Effects of stress reduction on carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive African Americans. Stroke 2000 31(3):568-573

Cavanaugh KL. Time series analysis of US and Canadian inflation and unemployment: a test of a field theoretic hypothesis. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics Section (pp.799-804). Alexandria, Virginia: American Statistical Association, 1987

Cavanaugh KL, King KD. Simultaneous transfer function analysis of Okun's misery index: improvement in the economic quality of life through Maharishi's Vedic science and technology of consciousness. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics Section (pp.491-496). Alexandria, Virginia: American Statistical Association, 1988

Cavanaugh KL, King KD, Ertuna C. A multiple-input transfer function model of Okun’s misery index: an empirical test of the Maharishi Effect. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics Section (pp.565-570), Alexandria, Virginia: American Statistical Association, 1989

Cavanaugh KL, King KD, Titus BD. Consciousness and the quality of economic life: empirical research on the macroeconomic effects of the collective practice of Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Proceedings of the Midwest Management Society (pp.183-190). Chicago: Midwest Management Society, 1989

Chandler HM, Alexander CN, Heaton DP, Grant J. Transcendental Meditation and postconventional self-development: a 10-year longitudinal study. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):93-122

Chen ME. A comparative study of dimensions of healthy functioning between families practicing the TM program for five years or for less than a year. Journal of Holistic Nursing 1987 5(1):6-10

Clements G, Krenner L, Mölk W. The use of the Transcendental Meditation program in the prevention of drug abuse and in the treatment of drug-addicted persons. Bulletin on Narcotics 1988 40(1):51-56

Cooper M, Aygen M. Effect of meditation on serum cholesterol and blood pressure. Harefuah, Journal of the Israel Medical Association 1978 95(1):1-2

Cooper M, Aygen M. Transcendental Meditation in the management of hypercholesterolemia. Journal of Human Stress 1979 5(4):24-27

Cranson RW, Orme-Johnson DW, Dillbeck MC, Jones CH, Alexander CN, Gackenbach J. Transcendental Meditation and improved performance on intelligence-related measures: a longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences 1991 12(10):1105-1116

Cunningham CH, Brown S, Kaski JC. The effects of Transcendental Meditation on symptoms and electrocardiographic changes in patients with cardiac syndrome X: a pilot study. American Journal of Cardiology 2000 85(5):653-655

Davies JL, Alexander CN. Alleviating political violence through reducing collective tension: impact assessment analysis of the Lebanon war. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):285-338

Dillbeck MC. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation technique on anxiety level. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1977 33(4):1076-1078

Dillbeck MC. Meditation and flexibility of visual perception and verbal problem solving. Memory and Cognition 1982 10(3):207-215

Dillbeck MC. Testing the Vedic Psychology of the Bhagavad-Gita. Psychologia 1983 26(3):232-240

Dillbeck MC. Transcendental Meditation alleviates stress. In J-M Etkins (ed.), The State of Corrections: Proceedings of American Correctional Association Annual Conferences, 1988 (pp.157-161). Laurel, Maryland: American Correctional Association, 1989

Dillbeck MC. Test of a field hypothesis of consciousness and social change: time series analysis of participation in the TM-Sidhi program and reduction of violent death in the US. Social Indicators Research 1990 22(4):399-418

Dillbeck MC. The concept of self in the Bhagavad-Gita and in the Vedic psychology of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: a further note on testability. Psychologia 1990 33(1):50-56

Dillbeck MC, Abrams AI. The application of the Transcendental Meditation program to corrections. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 1987 11(1):111-132

Dillbeck MC, Alexander CN. Higher states of consciousness: Maharishi Mahesh Yogi’s Vedic psychology of human development. The Journal of Mind and Behavior 1989 10(4):307-334

Dillbeck MC, Araas-Vesely S. Participation in the Transcendental Meditation program and frontal EEG coherence during concept learning. International Journal of Neuroscience 1986 29(1/2):45-55

Dillbeck MC, Aron AP, Dillbeck SL. The Transcendental Meditation program as an educational technology: research and applications. Educational Technology 1979 19:7-13

Dillbeck MC, Assimakis PD, Raimondi D, Orme-Johnson DW, Rowe R. Longitudinal effects of the TM and TM-Sidhi program on cognitive ability and style. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1986 62(3):731-738

Dillbeck MC, Banus CB, Polanzi C, Landrith III GS. Test of a field model of consciousness and social change: Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and decreased urban crime. The Journal of Mind and Behavior 1988 9(4):457-486

Dillbeck MC, Bronson EC. Short-term longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on EEG power and coherence. International Journal of Neuroscience 1981 14(3/4):147-151

Dillbeck MC, Cavanaugh KL, Glenn T, Orme-Johnson DW, Mittlefehldt V. Effects of Transcendental Meditation and the TM-Sidhi program on quality of life indicators: consciousness as a field. The Journal of Mind and Behavior 1987 8(1):67-104

Dillbeck MC, Landrith III G, Orme-Johnson DW. The Transcendental Meditation program and crime rate change in a sample of forty-eight cities. Journal of Crime and Justice 1981 4:25-45

Dillbeck MC, Orme-Johnson DW. Physiological differences between Transcendental Meditation and rest. American Psychologist 1987 42(9):879-881

Dillbeck MC, Orme-Johnson DW, Wallace RK. Frontal EEG coherence, H-reflex recovery, concept learning, and the TM-Sidhi program. International Journal of Neuroscience 1981 15(3):151-157

Dillbeck MC, Rainforth MV. Impact assessment analysis of behavioral quality of life indices: effects of group practice of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Social Statistics Section (pp.38-43). Alexandria, Virginia: American Statistical Association, 1996

Dixon C, Dillbeck MC, Travis F, Msemaje H, Clayborne BM, Dillbeck SL, Alexander CN. Accelerating cognitive and self development: longitudinal studies with preschool and elementary school children. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):65-91

Doner DW. The Transcendental Meditation technique—a self-care program for the dialysis/transplant patient. Journal of the American Association of Nephrology Nurses and Technicians 1976 3(3):119-125

Elder C, Aickin M, Bauer V, Cairns J, Vuckovic N. Randomized trial of a whole-system Ayurvedic protocol for type 2 diabetes. Alternative Therapies 2006 12(5):24-30

Elias AN, Guich S, Wilson AF. Ketosis with enhanced GABAergic tone promotes physiological changes in Transcendental Meditation. Medical Hypotheses 2000 54(4):660-662

Elias AN, Wilson AF. Serum hormonal concentrations following Transcendental Meditation: potential role of gamma aminobutyric acid. Medical Hypotheses 1995 44(4):287-291

Ellis GA, Corum P. Removing the motivator: a holistic solution to substance abuse. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 1994 11(3/4):271-296

Eppley K, Abrams A, Shear J. Differential effects of relaxation techniques on trait anxiety: a meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1989 45(6):957-974

Eyerman J. Transcendental Meditation and mental retardation. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1981 42(1):35-36

Farrell DJ. The reduction in metabolic rate and heart rate of man during meditation. In LE Mount (ed.), Energy Metabolism (pp.279-282). EAAP Publication # 26. London: Butterworth & Co., 1980

Farrow JT, Hebert JR. Breath suspension during the Transcendental Meditation technique. Psychosomatic Medicine 1982 44(2):133-153

Farwell LA, Farwell GW. Quantum mechanical processes and consciousness. Bulletin of the American Physical Society 1995 40(2):956-957

Ferguson PC, Gowan JC. Psychological findings on Transcendental Meditation. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 1976 16(3):51-60

Fergusson LC. Field independence, Transcendental Meditation, and achievement in college art: a re-examination. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1993 77(7):1104-1106

Fergusson LC, Bonsheck AJ, Le Masson G. Vedic science based education and mental and physical health: a preliminary longitudinal study in Cambodia. Journal of Instructional Psychology 1995 22:308-319

Fergusson LC, Bonsheck AJ, Le Masson G. Vedic science based education and nonverbal intelligence: a preliminary longitudinal study in Cambodia. Higher Education Research and Development 1995 15(1):73-82

Fields JZ, Walton KW, Schneider RH, Nidich SI, Pomerantz R, Suchdev P et al. Effect of a multimodality natural medicine program on carotid atherosclerosis in older subjects: a pilot trial of Maharishi Vedic Medicine. American Journal of Cardiology 2002 89(8):952-958

Frew DR. Transcendental Meditation and productivity. Academy of Management Journal 1974 17:362-368

Friend KE, Maliszewski M. More on the reliability of the kinesthetic after-effects measure and need for stimulation. Journal of Personality Assessment 1978 42(4):385-391

Gallois P. Modifications neurophysiologiques et respiratoires lors de la pratique des techniques de relaxation. L'Encephale 1984 10:139-144

Garnier D, Cazabat A, Thébault P, Gauge P. Pulmonary ventilation during the Transcendental Meditation technique: applications in preventive medicine. Est-Médicine 1984 4(76):867-870

Gaylord C, Orme-Johnson D, Travis F. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique and progressive muscular relaxation on EEG coherence, stress reactivity, and mental health in black adults. International Journal of Neuroscience 1989 46(1/2):77-86

Geisler M. Therapeutische Wirkungen der Transzendentalen Meditation auf Drogenkonsumenten. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie 1978 7(4):235-255

Gelderloos P, Beto ZH. The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and reported experiences of transcendental consciousness. Psychologia 1989 32(2):91-103

Gelderloos P, Cavanaugh KL, Davies JL. The dynamics of US-Soviet relations, 1979-1986: a simultaneous transfer function analysis of US-Soviet relations. A test of the Maharishi Effect. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Social Statistics Section (pp.297-302). Alexandria, Virginia: American Statistical Association, 1990

Gelderloos P, Frid MJ, Goddard PH, Xue X, Löliger SA. Creating world peace through the collective practice of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field: improved US-Soviet relations. Social Science Perspectives Journal 1988 2(4):80-94

Gelderloos P, Goddard III PH, Ahlström HH, Jacoby R. Cognitive orientation towards positive values in advanced participants of the TM and TM-Sidhi program. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1987 64(3):1003-1012

Gelderloos P, Hermans HJ, Ahlström HH, Jacoby R. Transcendence and psychological health: studies with long-term participants of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Journal of Psychology 1990 124(2):177-197

Gelderloos P, Lockie RJ, Chuttoorgoon S. Field independence of students at Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment and a Montessori school. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1987 65(6):613-614

Gelderloos P, Walton KG, Orme-Johnson D W, Alexander CN. Effectiveness of the Transcendental Meditation program in preventing and treating substance misuse: a review. International Journal of the Addictions 1991 26(3):293-325

Glaser JL, Brind JL, Vogelman JH, Eisner MJ, Dillbeck MC, Wallace RK et al. Elevated serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi programs. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1992 15(4):327-341

Goodman RS, Goodman DH, Orme-Johnson DW. Congressional bipartisanship through a consciousness-based approach. Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association 2006 MPSA06 proceeding:137454.doc

Goodman RS, Goodman DH, Wolfson RA. A consciousness-based approach to human security. In MV Naidu (ed.), Perspectives on Human Security (pp.189-210). Brandon, Manitoba: Canadian Peace Research and Education Association, 2001

Goodman RS, Walton KG, Orme-Johnson DW, Boyer R. The Transcendental Meditation program: a consciousness-based developmental technology for rehabilitation and crime prevention. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):1-34

Gräf D. Die Technik der Transzendentalen Meditation und ihre Wirkungen auf die Gesundheit. Erfahrungsheilkunde 1978 27(3):99-102

Gräf D. Die Transzendentale Meditation (TM) und ihre therapeutischen Möglichkeiten. Zeitschrift für Allgemeinmedizin 1978 54(12):701-709

Gräf D, Pfisterer G. Der Nutzen der Technik der Transzendentalen Meditation für die ärztliche Praxis. Erfahrungsheilkunde 1978 27(9):594-596

Grosswald SJ, Stixrud WR, Travis F, Bateh MA. Use of the Transcendental Meditation technique to reduce symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by reducing stress and anxiety: an exploratory study. Current Issues in Education [On-line] 2008 10(2). Available: http://cie.ed.asu.edu/volume10/number2/

Gustavsson B, Harung HS. Organizational learning based on transforming collective consciousness. The Learning Organization: an International Journal 1994 1(1):33-40

Hagelin JS, Rainforth MV, Orme-Johnson DW, Cavanaugh KL, Alexander CN, Shatkin SF et al. Effects of group practice of the Transcendental Meditation program on preventing violent crime in Washington, DC: results of the National Demonstration Project, June-July 1993. Social Indicators Research 1999 47(2):153-201

Hanley CP, Spates JL. Transcendental Meditation and social psychological attitudes. Journal of Psychology 1978 99:121-127

Haratani T, Henmi T. Effects of Transcendental Meditation on health behavior of industrial workers. Japanese Journal of Public Health 1990 37:729

Haratani T, Henmi T. Effects of Transcendental Meditation on mental health of industrial workers. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health 1990 32:656

Harung HS. More effective decisions through synergy of objective and subjective approaches. Management Decision 1993 31(7):38-45

Harung HS. Total management: integrating manager, managing, and managed. Journal of Managerial Psychology 1996 11(2):4-21

Harung HS. Enhancing learning and performance through a synergy of objective and subjective modes of change. The Learning Organization: an International Journal 1997 4(5):193-210

Harung HS. Improved time management through human development: achieving most with least expenditure of time. Journal of Managerial Psychology 1998 13(5/6):406-428

Harung HS, Alexander CN, Heaton D. Evolution of organizations in the new millennium. Leadership and Organization Development Journal 1999 20(4):198-206

Harung H, Travis F, Blank W, Heaton D. Higher development, brain integration, and excellence in leadership. Management Decision 2009 47(6):872-894

Hatchard GD, Deans AJ, Cavanaugh KL, Orme-Johnson DW. The Maharishi Effect: a model for social improvement. Time series analysis of a phase transition to reduced crime in Merseyside Metropolitan Area. Psychology, Crime and Law 1996 2(3):165-174

Hawkins MA. Effectiveness of the Transcendental Meditation program in criminal rehabilitation and substance abuse recovery: a review of the research. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):47-66

Hawkins M, Alexander CN, Travis FT, Camelia CR, Walton KG, Durchholz CF et al. Consciousness-based approach to rehabilitation of inmates in the Netherlands Antilles: psychosocial and cognitive changes. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 2003 36(1-4):205-228

Hawkins MA, Orme-Johnson DW, Durchholz CF. Fulfilling the rehabilitative ideal through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Programs: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):443-488

Heaton D, Harung HS. Vedic Management: enlightening human resources for holistic success. Chinmaya Management Review 1999 3:75-84

Heaton D, Harung HS. Awakening creative intelligence and peak performance: reviving an Asian tradition. Chapter in J Kidd et al. (eds), Human Intelligence Deployment in Asian Business. London: Macmillan, and New York: St. Martin's Press, 2001

Heaton D, Schmidt-Wilk J, Travis FT. Constructs, methods, and measures for researching spirituality in organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management 2004 17(1):62-82

Hebert JR, Lehmann D. Theta bursts: an EEG pattern in normal subjects practicing the Transcendental Meditation technique. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1977 42(3):397-405

Hebert JR, Lehmann D, Tan G, Travis FT, Arenander A. Enhanced EEG alpha time-domain phase synchrony during Transcendental Meditation: implications for cortical integration theory. Signal Processing 2005 85(11):2213-2232

Herron RE. Can the Transcendental Meditation program reduce medical expenditures of older people? A longitudinal medical cost minimization study in Canada. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 2005 17(1):415-442

Herron RE, Hillis SL. The impact of the Transcendental Meditation program on government payments to physicians in Quebec: an update—accumulative decline of 55% over a 6-year period. American Journal of Health Promotion 2000 14(5):284-291

Herron RE, Hillis SL, Mandarino JV, Orme-Johnson DW, Walton KG. The impact of the Transcendental Meditation program on government payments to physicians in Quebec. American Journal of Health Promotion 1996 10(3):208-216

Herron R, Schneider RH, Mandarino JV, Alexander CN, Walton KG. Cost-effective hypertension management: comparison of drug therapies with an alternative program. American Journal of Managed Care 1996 2(4):427-437

Hjelle JA. Transcendental Meditation and psychological health. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1974 39(5):623-628

Holeman R, Seiler G. Effects of sensitivity training and Transcendental Meditation on perception of others. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1979 49(5):270

Holt WR, Caruso JL, Riley JB. Transcendental Meditation vs pseudo-meditation on visual choice reaction time. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1978 46(3):726

Infante JR, Peran F, Martinez M, Roldan A, Poyatos R, Ruiz C et al. ACTH and beta-endorphin in Transcendental Meditation. Physiology and Behavior 1998 64(3):311-315

Infante JR, Torres-Avisbal M, Pinel P, Vallejo JA, Peran F, Gonzalez F et al. Catecholamine levels in practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation technique. Physiology and Behavior 2001 72(2):141-146

Istratov EN, Lyubimov NN, Orlova TV. Dynamic features of the modified state of consciousness during Transcendental Meditation. Biulleten Eksperimental Biologii Meditsiny 1996 121:128-130

Jayadevappa R, Johnson JC, Bloom BS, Nidich S, Desai S, Chhatre S et al. Effectiveness of Transcendental Meditation on functional capacity and quality of life of African Americans with congestive heart failure: a randomized control study. Ethnicity and Disease 2007 17:72-77

Jedrczak A. The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and field independence. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1984 59(7):999-1000

Jedrczak A, Beresford M, Clements G. The TM-Sidhi program, pure consciousness, creativity and intelligence. Journal of Creative Behavior 1985 19(4):270-275

Jedrczak A, Miller D, Antoniou M. Transcendental Meditation and health: an overview of experimental research and clinical experience. Health Promotion 1988 2(4):369-376

Jedrczak A, Toomey M, Clements G. The TM-Sidhi program, age, and brief tests of perceptual-motor speed and non-verbal intelligence. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1986 42(1):161-164

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